新媒体时代重大疫情中的谣言传播与信息治理

Rumor Spreading and Information Governance in Major Epidemic in New Media Era

身处如今信息爆炸的新媒体时代,谣言混迹于海量信息中以更容易的方式渗透并影响我们生活的方方面面。为了减少谣言对社会带来的危害,国家颁布了一些相应的法律政策。但是,对于重大公共事件中的谣言治理尚缺乏相应政策。目前,在重大疫情的信息治理中存在许多问题,如真实信息与群众之间存在壁垒,信息散乱、质量参差不齐,疫情信息公布主体层级过高导致信息时滞性变长,网络监管机制弱导致虚假信息横飞,辟谣机制不健全,群众缺乏疫情防控知识等。针对这些亟待解决的问题,应削弱对谣言传播产生正效应的行为,加强对谣言传播产生负效应的行为来做到对谣言的控制。在线上层面,提升疫情信息公开速度、力度和质量,降低疫情信息公布主体层级,发挥"意见领袖"的作用,健全网络信息发布审核机制,做好媒体联动工作;在线下层面,对群众做好普及防控知识的工作,健全辟谣机制,合理调整对疫情相关言论的处置方式。

In the new media era of information explosion,rumors mingle in the massive information,infiltrating and influencing all aspects of our life in a much more ready way.In order to reduce the harm rumors may produce to the community,the Chinese government has issued some corresponding laws and policies,but no corresponding policy has been issued for rumor governance in major public events.At present,dozens of problems can be found in the information governance of major epidemics,such as the existence of barriers between real information and the masses,scattered information,uneven quality,excessively high levels of the main body of epidemic information announcements,resulting in longer information delays,and weak network supervision mechanisms.As a result,false information is flooding,the rumor-defying mechanism is not sound,and the masses lack knowledge of epidemic prevention and control.To solve these problems,this paper constructs a"positive and negative effect rumor spreading model"to explain the five ways of rumor spreading in the new media era.Finally,it shows that in order to maximize the governance of rumors in the new media era,we should weaken the behaviors that have positive effects on the spread of rumors,and strengthen the behaviors that have negative effects on the spread of rumors.On the online level,we should improve the speed,strength and quality of epidemic information disclosure,reduce the main level of epidemic information disclosure,play the role of"opinion leader",improve the audit mechanism of network information release,and do a good job in media linkage work;on the offline level,we should do a good job in popularizing prevention and control knowledge for the masses,improve the mechanism of refuting rumors,and reasonably adjust the way of dealing with epidemic related speeches.