亚欧人群肤色适应性进化研究进展

Research Advances in Skin Color Adaptive Evolution of Eurasians

现代人(Homo sapiens)距今约5~10万年前走出非洲并迁徙至世界各地繁衍生息,为了适应各种新环境而产生的肤色表型变化形成了人群肤色的多样性.针对环境如何影响人群肤色表型变化这一问题的探究,世界各地的研究者提出众多的理论假说来解释肤色和环境的联系.随着人类群体遗传学研究的深入开展,表型资料的大量积累及基因组学数据的大量产生和分析,越来越多的研究发现色素基因与亚欧人群肤色适应性进化有着密切的联系.本文将从环境因素和遗传机制对亚欧人群肤色适应性进化及其混合人群适应性进化进行综述,并对亚欧混合人群肤色适应性进化研究作出展望,以期全面了解亚欧人群肤色进化的自然选择过程和多基因互作下的亚欧人群的色素沉着,全面地解析人类肤色表型的进化规律.

About 50,000 to 100,000 years ago,modern human(Homo sapiens)went out of Africa and migrated to the rest of the world.The skin color phenotypic changes had adapted to meet the challenges of various new environments,which resulted in the diversity of skin colors.Researchers in the world have explored how the environment influenced he skin color phenotypic changes and proposed many theories and hypothesis to explain the relationship between skin colors and environment.With the development of population genetics,the accumulation of phenotypic data and the genome wide data,studies have found that pigment genes are closely related to the adaptive evolution of the modern human populations.In this review,we summarized the adaptive evolution of Eurasians and admixed populations in terms of environmental factors genetic mechanism and prospected the future studies of the adaptive evolution of Eurasians’skin colors.We aimed to get an all-around knowledge of the adaptive process of Eurasians’skin colors and the effects of multi-gene interaction on their skin pigmentation and fully analyze the evolutionary rules of human’s skin-related phenotypes.