中国的商誉会计——基于两步并购的案例研究

Accounting for Goodwill in China——A Case Study of Two-step Acquisitions

本文通过案例研究说明,在中国不同的并购方式如何导致财务报表上确认不同的商誉金额。招商银行采用两步并购法:先在2008年并购了中国香港永隆银行53%的股份以获得控制权,后于2009年并购了剩余47%的股份。运用这一方法,招商银行仅将第一阶段并购股份对应的溢价计入商誉,第二阶段并购剩余股份对应的溢价计入资本公积。两步并购法大幅降低了商誉的初始确认金额,进而降低了未来商誉减值的风险。本文研究表明当会计准则允许部分商誉法,并将母公司与少数股东之间的交易视为所有者交易时,收购方选择不同的合并方式会导致初始确认不同的商誉金额及对未来商誉减值的不同影响。

We use a case study to illustrate how different acquisition methods can result in different amounts of goodwill recognised on financial statements in China.China Merchants Bank adopted a two-step acquisition method:first,it acquired 53%of the shares of China Hong Kong’s Wing Lung Bank to gain corporate control in 2008;second,it acquired the remaining 47%of shares in 2009.Using this method,China Merchants Bank recognised the acquisition premium as goodwill only in the first step and recognised the acquisition premium in the second step as a decrease in additional paid-in capital.This two-step acquisition method significantly reduces the amount of goodwill shown on financial statements and lowers the likelihood and amount of subsequent goodwill impairment.Different acquisition methods can lead to different amounts of goodwill initially recognised when accounting standards permit the partial goodwill method and regard the transactions between the parent and non-controlling shareholders as equity transactions.