基于机场生态环境与飞行程序的鸟击风险评价

Risk Assessment of Bird Strike Based on Airport Environment and Flight Procedures

99%的鸟击发生在2000英尺以下,即航空器起飞与降落阶段。为解决机场生态环境对鸟类的吸引,结合机场生态环境与航空器飞行程序引入鸟击风险指数对机场鸟击风险进行空间分析。首先采用改进的经典重要性值计算机场鸟类的综合风险;其次结合航空器飞行程序得到机场鸟击风险指数。并以西部某机场为例来评估机场鸟击风险,进行空间聚类计算与可视化。结果表明:鸟击风险不仅具有季节与空间差异,而且在夏、秋两季,航空器等待进场与离场进入巡航阶段也存在较高的鸟击风险,为此提供了具体的预防改进措施,从机场鸟类活动与航空器飞行程序两方面着手降低机场鸟击风险。

99%of bird strikes occurred below 2000 feet,which is the stage of take-off and landing.In order to solve the attraction of the airport ecological environment to birds,this study introduced a bird strike risk index to conduct spatial analysis of the airport bird strike risk based on combining the airport environment and aircraft flight procedures.First of all,the improved classical importance value is used to calculate the comprehensive risk of airport birds.Secondly,the airport bird strike risk index is obtained by combining aircraft flight procedures.Moreover,taking an airport in the west as an example,the risk of bird strikes at the airport is evaluated,and the spatial clustering calculation and visualization are performed.The results showed that bird strike risk has seasonal and spatial differences and has a higher bird strike risk at the airport when aircraft are waiting to enter and depart to enter the cruising stage in summer and autumn.For this reason,specific prevention and improvement measures are provided to reduce the risk of bird strikes at the airport from two aspects:the activities of birds at the airport and the flight procedures of aircraft.