河西荒漠绿洲区农村居民点空间分布特征及影响因素分析

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rural Settlements and Analysis on Influencing Factors in the Hexi Desert Oasis Region

为科学规划和合理布局河西荒漠绿洲区的农村居民点建设,以石羊河流域DOM和土地利用数据为基础,基于Arc GIS的空间分析功能,将石羊河流域的农村居民点数据与高程、坡度、道路和河流等数据相叠加,采用最近邻距离法分析石羊河流域农村居民点的空间分布情况和集聚状况。结果表明:海拔1000~3000 m之间、坡度小于15°的范围内以及距离河流10 km的范围内是石羊河流域农村居民点的主要分布区域,所占比例分别为98.3%、97.7%和81.6%;石羊河流域农村居民点空间分布的集聚特征非常明显,各县区集聚程度差异较大,R统计值在0.14~0.55之间变化;部分农村居民点分布在不适宜居住的区域,分别有0.2%和18.4%的农村居民点分布在坡度大于25°和距离河流10 km以外的地方,居民点整体规划和结构形态不尽合理。石羊河流域农村居民点占地面积大又分散,且分布格局受河流影响较大,不利于农村基础设施建设和村庄整体规划,亟需优化布局和合理配置来实现农村居民点整治和乡村振兴。

In order to scientific planning and reasonable layout the rural settlements in the Hexi desert oasis area,the rural settlements data in the Shiyang River Basin are superimposed with the elevation,slope,roads and rivers based on the DOM and land use data by the Spatial Analyst Function of ArcGIS software,the spatial distribution characteristics and agglomeration situation of the rural settlements in this basin are analyzed by using the nearest neighbor distance method.The main distribution regions of rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin were between the altitude of 1000~3000 m,the range of slopes less than 15°and the range of 10 km from the river,accounting for 98.3%,97.7%and 81.6%respectively.The agglomeration characteristics of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin were fairly obvious,and the agglomeration degree varied greatly in different counties and districts,and the R statistical value ranged from 0.14 to 0.55.Some rural settlements were located in uninhabitable areas,0.2%and 18.4%of rural settlements were distributed in places with a slope greater than 25°and 10 km away from the rivers,and the overall planning and structure of the settlements are unreasonable.Rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin occupied a large and scattered area,and the distribution pattern was greatly affected by the rivers,which was not conducive to the construction of rural infrastructure and the overall planning of villages.Therefore,it is urgent to optimize the layout and rational allocation of rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin so as to realize the rural settlements remediation and rural revitalization.