从照搬西方模式到探索本土发展路径:近代铁路物流的演变轨迹(1901-1937)

From Copying Western Model to Exploring Local Development Path: The Evolution Track of Modern Railway Logistics(1901-1937)

铁路作为第一次工业革命的产物,自1876年被引进至中国,促进了国内物流业务的发展。但由于被迫移植不同国家的铁路制度与管理模式,且自身的运营与管理非常不成熟,因此早期铁路物流的发展十分混乱。以转运公司为代表的民营机构,代替铁路局开展物流业务,但其自身存在的问题致使官方寻求新的发展路径。20世纪30年代,随着铁路物流管理朝着统一化、法制化与国有化方向发展,其逐渐形成了国营与民营机构并存的格局。研究表明,西方模式并非万能,近代中国铁路物流业经历了从盲目照搬他国的运作模式,到逐渐探索适合本土的发展路径。这对于摆脱西方中心论思想、探索出一条适合中国国情的理论与话语体系,具有一定的参考价值。

As the product of the first industrial revolution,railway was introduced into China in 1876,which promoted the development of domestic logistics business.However,due to the forced transplantation of different countries’railway systems and management modes,and its own operation and management is very immature,the development of early railway logistics is very chaotic.The private institutions represented by the transport companies,instead of the railway administration,carry out the logistics business,but their own problems cause the authorities to seek a new development path.In the 1930s,with the development of railway logistics management toward unification,legalization and nationalization,it gradually formed the pattern of coexistence of state-owned and private organizations.The research shows that the western model is not omni powerful.The railway logistics industry in modern China has experienced a transformation from blindly copying the operation model of other countries to gradually exploring the development path suitable for the local region.This is of certain reference value for getting rid of the western-centered thought and exploring a theory and discourse system suitable for China’s national conditions.