跨越数字鸿沟 共享数字福利——基于身份认同的差异进路

Bridging Digital Divide,Sharing Digital Welfare:An Identity-based Approach Taken by a Politics of Difference

随着大数据和人工智能技术的不断发展,社会生活及其管理日趋智能化。但是,数字技术却并未让每个个体同等受益,因而在数字领域出现了不同形式的"数字鸿沟"。这不仅让不平等进入到数字领域,也加剧了社会领域的不平等,增加了社会分裂的风险。于是,人们试图通过给个体赋能去弥合"数字鸿沟",但这一进路将个体仅仅视作抽象的"数据或技术使用者",遭遇了"普遍主义政治"的困境。鉴于此,基于身份认同的差异进路主张让每个个体如其所是地进入到数字领域,在算法设计、数据收集、采样测试等环节都承认诸身份认同的价值。只有当诸身份认同在数字领域得到尊重、其价值得以承认时,赋能的背景框架方能夯实,赋能进路才能落到实处,真正跨越数字鸿沟、实现数字福利共享。

With the development of big data and artificial intelligence technology,social life and social management are becoming increasingly intelligent.However,digital technology does not benefit everyone equally,and various kinds of“digital divide”have emerged in the digital domain.Not only does it introduce inequality into the digital domain,it also exacerbates inequality in the social domain,increasing the risk of social fragmentation.Then,people try to bridge the“digital divide”by empowering individuals.But this approach treats individuals only as abstract“users of data or technology”.So,it confronts with problems which a politics of universalism might encounter.In contrast,the identity-based approach which a politics of difference takes advocates that individuals would enter into the digital domain as who and what he or she is,and takes identities seriously in the process of algorithm design,data collection,sampling and testing,etc.Only when identities are respected and their value is recognized in the digital domain,can the background framework of empowering be consolidated and the approach of empowering be implemented,bridging the digital divide and realizing the sharing of digital welfare actually.