中国区域科技创新网络的时空演化特征与邻近性机制

Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Proximity Mechanism of Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Network in China

中国科技创新资源分布存在明显的失衡现象,加快区域科技创新网络的构建是促进科技创新资源流动共享、科技成果有效转化,缩小区域创新差距的重要途径。以专利转移为视角构建中国区域科技创新网络,利用31个省份1990—2020年有关数据,并划分1990—2000年、2001—2010年、2011—2020年3个时间段,运用社会网络分析及和弦图揭示其时空演化特征,采用负二项回归模型探究其演化的邻近性机制,为促进区域创新资源流动共享、创新主体合作互惠、创新成果有效转化及区域协调发展提供理论依据与参考。结果显示:(1)中国区域科技创新网络向复杂网络演化,网络连接同配性与异配性并存;(2)网络通达性与技术转移效率显著提高,小世界特征明显;(3)网络空间分布失衡,梯度差异明显;(4)“核心-边缘”格局不断强化,路径依赖与路径创造并存;(5)地理邻近、经济邻近显著促进区域科技创新网络的演化,技术邻近、认知邻近、产业邻近显著抑制区域科技创新网络的演化。最后,有针对性地提出完善专利交易机制、推进科技创新网络向多中心多层级结构演变和充分发挥中介省份桥梁作用等,促进中国科技创新网络发展的对策建议。

There is obvious imbalance in the distribution of scientific and technological innovation resources in China,while accelerating the construction of regional scientific and technological innovation network is an important way to promote the flow and sharing of scientific and technological innovation resources,the effective transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and the narrowing of regional innovation gap.This paper builds the regional scientific and technological innovation network of China from the perspective of patent transfer,uses the relevant data of 31 provinces from 1990 to 2020,and divides the research period from 1990 to 2000,from 2001 to 2010,and from 2011 to 2020,uses the method of social network analysis and chord diagram to reveal its space-time evolution characteristics,and uses negative binomial regression model to explore its evolution proximity mechanism,so as to promote the flow and sharing of regional innovation resources,cooperation and mutual benefit of innovation entities,provide theoretical basis and reference for the effective transformation of innovation achievements and regional coordinated development.The results show that:(1)China’s regional scientific and technological innovation network has evolved into a complex network,and the network connectivity compatibility and heterogeneity coexist.(2)The network accessibility and technology transfer efficiency have been significantly improved,and the characteristics of the small world are obvious.(3)The spatial distribution of the network is unbalanced and the gradient difference is obvious.(4)The"core-edge"pattern is constantly strengthened,and path dependence and path creation coexist.(5)Geographical proximity and economic proximity significantly promote the evolution of regional scientific and technological innovation networks,while technological proximity,cognitive proximity and industrial proximity significantly inhibit the evolution of regional scientific and technological innovation networks.Finally,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of China’s scientific and technological innovation network,such as improving the patent trading mechanism,promoting the evolution of the scientific and technological innovation network to a multi-center and multi-level structure,and giving full play to the bridge role of intermediary provinces.