基础教育汉字字形偏误分析

Analysis of Chinese Character Form Deviation in Basic Education

汉字字形偏误是基础教育阶段的学生在语文学习中出现的比较普遍的现象。文章根据汉字构形的特点划分汉字偏误类型,从笔画、部件、整字三个层面讨论基础教育阶段学生的汉字字形偏误。笔画层面,主要有混淆相似的笔画、笔画数目的增加或减少、笔画误断误连、笔画配合偏误、笔顺不合规范等。部件层面,主要有部件的增加或减少、部件改换、部件组合偏误等。整字层面,主要有形近别字、音近别字、义近别字等。文章通过分析汉字字形偏误的类型,以期对基础汉字教学有一定的帮助。

Chinese character form deviation is a common phenomenon among students in the basic education stage in Chinese language learning.The article divides the types of Chinese character errors based on the characteristics of Chinese character formation,and discusses the Chinese character form errors of students in the basic education stage from three levels:stroke,component,and whole character.At the stroke level,there are mainly confusion of similar strokes,increase or decrease in the number of strokes,incorrect disconnection or connection of strokes,incorrect stroke coordination,and non-standard stroke order.The component level mainly includes the addition or reduction of componen ts,component replacement,and component combination errors.At the level of whole characters,there are tangible similar characters,homophonic similar characters,semantic similar characters,etc.By analyzing the types of font errors in Chinese characters,it is hoped that it will be helpful for the teaching of basic Chinese characters.