本科新生学业适应不良的影响因素及其策略研究

Research on the Influencing Factors and Strategies of College Freshmen's Academic Maladjustment

高校本科新生处于从高中到大学的过渡期,该时期的适应状态为其大学生活打下基础。近些年越来越多本科新生在学习兴趣、学习成绩、心理健康方面表现出适应不良,这将导致其出现学业或心理问题,给高校、家庭、社会带来压力。适应不良受学生自身学习目标、调节能力、外部学校教育和家庭教育的影响,可通过增强学习动机,提高自我调节能力、使用恰当的教学与管理模式、构建和谐师生关系、营造良好家庭教育环境等教育策略加以改善,使其自我表现与环境需要达成新的平衡,完成适应过程,进一步提升其学习能力和适应能力,实现关键时期的平稳过渡。

Undergraduate students in colleges and universities are in the transition period from high school to university,and the adaptive state of this period lays the foundation for their college life.In recent years,more and more undergraduate students have shown maladaptation in learning interests,learning achievements and mental health,which will lead to academic or psychological problems and bring pressure to colleges,families and society.The maladaptation is affected by the students'own learning goals,adjustment ability,external school education and family education.It can be improved by strengthening learning motivation,improving self-adjustment ability,using appropriate teaching and management models,building a harmonious teacher-student relationship,creating a good family education environment and other educational strategies,so that their self-expression and environment need to reach a new balance and complete the adaptation process,further improve learning ability and adaptability to achieve a smooth transition in key periods.