浅谈引导学生作出假设的策略

On the Strategies of Guiding Students to Make Assumptions

作出假设是科学探究的主要环节之一,而学生作出假设前必先进行猜想。猜想与假设在培养学生思维能力、掌握科学的探究方法等方面起到了非常重要的作用。有价值的猜想与假设能促进学生的科学探究活动深入而高效地进行。但是目前很多教师在该环节教学时存在一些问题,如学生不知道怎样猜想,多数是漫无边际的乱想。这就会使猜想与假设流于形式,失去价值。究其原因是教师不会运用恰当的方法引导学生进行猜想并作出假设。因此教师一定要掌握一些策略,并在教学实践中不断地进行引导与训练,才能提高学生进行猜想与假设的能力,使学生的思维得到发展与锻炼。本文主要谈谈教师在日常教学中怎样进行有效引导。

Making assumptions is one of the main links of scientific inquiry,and students must guess before making assumptions.Conjecture and hypothesis play a very important role in cultivating students′thinking ability and mastering scientific inquiry methods.Valuable conjectures and assumptions can promote students′scientific inquiry activities to be carried out deeply and efficiently.But at present,many teachers have some problems in this link of teaching,such as students don′t know how to guess,most of them are rambling.This will make conjectures and assumptions become mere formality and lose value.The reason is that teachers do not use appropriate methods to guide students to guess and make assumptions.Therefore,teachers must master some strategies and constantly guide and train in teaching practice,so as to improve students′ability of conjecture and hypothesis,and develop and exercise students′thinking.This paper mainly talks about how to effectively guide teachers in daily teaching.