基于“解暗箱”的论证式教学——以《暗箱里的秘密》一课为例

Demonstrative Teaching Based on "Solving the Dark Box"——Take the lesson "secrets in the dark box" as an example

在科学研究中,有一类研究叫作"解暗箱"。从本质上来讲,"暗箱"是一种难以打开,也不能从外部直接观察内部状态的系统,我们只能通过外部信息推测里面的情况。而由表及里的思维过程,其实就是基于证据、现象和经验的推理、批判性思考的论证过程。由证据出发,经由每一步严密的逻辑分析和论证,实现"解暗箱"的目的。笔者以《暗箱里的秘密》一课的教学阐述在教学中如何引导学生"解暗箱",发展学生的高阶思维。

In scientific research,there is a kind of research called"solving the dark box".In essence,the"black box"is a system that is difficult to open and cannot directly observe the internal state from the outside.We can only speculate about the situation inside through external information.The thinking process from the outside to the inside is actually an argumentation process of reasoning and critical thinking based on evidence,phenomenon and experience.Starting from the evidence,through each step of rigorous logical analysis and demonstration,the purpose of"solving the black box"is realized.Based on the teaching of the secret in the dark box,the author expounds how to guide students to"solve the dark box"and develop students′high-order thinking.