中国城市生活垃圾政策变迁研究——基于倡导联盟框架的分析

Study on Policy Changes of Chinese Municipal Solid waste——An Analysis Based on the Framework of Advocacy Alliance

本研究基于倡导联盟框架分析中国城市生活垃圾政策变迁的内在逻辑。研究发现,城市生活垃圾政策变迁路径主要有两条:一是外部事件影响下的政策被动变迁;二是各倡导联盟在资源竞争和策略博弈基础上,通过政策学习引发政策信念变化带来的政策变迁。在政策学习过程中,政府主导的“政府学习”和“教训—汲取学习”带来政策次要方面的渐进调整,而重大外部事件冲击下的跨联盟“社会学习”则引发政策总体性目标改变,导致政策发生重大变迁。同时,城市生活垃圾政策变迁被动性强、联盟博弈限制政策学习效果、跨联盟的社会学习开展不充分等问题凸显。中央政府应该通过转变“被动应急式”政策制定为“前瞻式”的整体性政策布局,优化整合联盟资源分布以及为社会学习创造良好条件等方式促进政策良性变迁。

This paper analyzes the internal logic of China's MSW policy changes based on the advocacy alliance framework.It is found that there are two main paths of MSW policy change:one is passive policy change under the influence of external events;Secondly,based on resource competition and strategic game,alliances lead to policy changes through policy learning.In the process of policy learning,"government learning"and"learning-learning"lead to gradual adjustment of minor aspects of policy,while cross-alliance"social learning"under the background of major external events leads to the change of overall policy objectives,leading to major policy changes.At the same time,city life garbage strong policy change passivity,inadequate policy learning,social learning problems such as insufficient condition,the central government should change the"passive emergency type"policy of"proactive"integrity policy layout,optimize the integration of alliance resources distribution,and create good conditions for social learning,such as benign way to promote policy changes.