热带岛礁型海洋牧场中珊瑚礁生境与资源的修复

Coral Reef Habitat and Resources Restoration in Tropical Island Marine Ranching

我国南海的离岸岛礁以珊瑚礁生境为主。珊瑚礁在提升海洋生态资源和维护我国海洋国土权益上发挥了至关重要的作用。近年来,在全球气候变化以及人类活动的影响下,南海珊瑚礁生境和资源严重退化,威胁着渔业资源、海洋环境以及国土安全。现代化的海洋牧场被认为是实现南海资源可持续发展战略的新型海洋生物资源开发模式。珊瑚礁生境与资源的修复则是热带岛礁型海洋牧场建设的基础和关键。基于此,本文整理了珊瑚礁生境与资源修复的技术方法,详细介绍了珊瑚礁生境构建框架生物造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖、断枝培育、底播移植等技术方法以及珊瑚礁其他特色生物资源人工放流技术,并提出了在珊瑚礁生境与资源修复中所面临的问题及相应对策。

The islands in the South China Sea are dominated by coral reef habitats.Coral reefs play vital roles in enhancing marine ecological resources and maintaining marine territories.However,in recent years,under the influence of global climate change and human activities,coral reefs in the South China Sea have been severely degraded,which has adversely affected fishery resources,the marine environment and territorial security.Modern marine ranching is considered to be a new type of marine development model to achieve sustainable development of South China Sea resources.Coral reef-based tropical island marine ranching can promote the restoration of coral reef ecosystems and the appreciation of fishery resources.This paper introduces the methods of sexual reproduction,branch cultivation,transplant enhancement of scleractinian,and artificial release of coral reef.s characteristic organisms.We also propose the problems and corresponding countermeasures in the ecological restoration of coral reefs.