某院2017年—2020年121例抗菌药物所致药物不良反应的临床特征分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 121 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Caused by Antibacterials in a Hospital from 2017 to 2020

目的:分析医院抗菌药物所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的临床特征,为抗菌药物的安全、合理使用提供参考。方法:收集2017年1月—2020年12月东莞市茶山医院上报国家药品不良反应监测系统的121例抗菌药物ADRs报告为研究资料,统计和分析121例ADRs患者的年龄和性别分布,ADRs所涉抗菌药物的种类、给药方式和累及器官(或系统),以及严重ADRs涉及的抗菌药物和临床表现。结果:121例ADRs患者的年龄主要集中于>14~40岁(48例,占39.67%)和>40~60岁(38例,占31.40%);ADRs所涉抗菌药物主要为头孢菌素类药物(79例,占65.28%),所涉药物的给药方式主要为静脉滴注(112例,占92.56%),累及的器官(或系统)主要为皮肤及其附件(89例,占73.55%);121例报告中共有严重ADRs 16例,其中有11例疑为头孢菌素所致。结论:医院抗菌药物所致ADRs有着较为明显的发生规律和特点,临床对主要的群体、抗菌药物、给药方式和累及器官(或系统)应加强管理和监测,以避免或减少ADRs的发生,提高抗菌药物的用药安全性。

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)caused by antibacterials in the hospital,and to provide reference for the safe and rational use of antibacterials.Methods:A total of121 cases of ADRs of antibacterials reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System by Chashan Hospital of Dongguan from January 2017 to December 2020 were collected as research data.The age and gender distribution of 121 patients with ADRs,the type of antibacterials involved in ADRs,the mode of administration and the organs(or systems)involved,and the antibacterials and clinical manifestations involved in severe ADRs were counted and analyzed.Results:The 121 patients with ADRs were mainly at the age greater than 14 but not over 40 years old(48 cases,accounting for 39.67%)and greater than 40 but not over 60 years old(38 cases,accounting for 31.40%);the antibacterials involved in ADRs were mainly cephalosporins(79 cases,accounting for 65.28%),and the mode of administration of the drugs involved was mainly intravenous drip(112 cases,accounting for 92.56%).The organs(or systems)involved were mainly the skin and its adnexa(89 cases,accounting for 73.55%);the 121 cases reported included 16 serious ADRs,of which 11 were suspected to be caused by cephalosporins.Conclusion:ADRs caused by antibacterials in the hospital have more obvious occurrence patterns and characteristics,and the main groups,antibacterials,administration methods and organs(or systems)involved should be clinically managed and monitored more strictly,to avoid or reduce the occurrence of ADRs and improve the use safety of antibacterials.