湖北荆州市七星堰战国楚墓发掘简报

The Excavation of Chu Burials of the Warring-States Period in Qixingyan Jingzhou City, Hubei

七星堰墓地位于荆州区纪南镇三红村四组,距离荆州古城西北约5公里,距楚故都纪南城西南约9公里。2013年,荆州博物馆对七星堰墓地进行了第一次抢救性考古发掘,共发掘墓葬127座,时代包括战国、东汉、唐、宋、明、清。其中战国墓葬有83座,形制主要分为两类。一类是带墓道的"甲"字形墓,共有13座;另一类是长方形竖穴土坑墓,共有70座,可分为有壁龛与无壁龛两种,其中带壁龛墓葬有9座。墓葬中的人骨及葬具皆腐烂无存。随葬遗物有陶器、铜器、铜铁结合器、铁器、玉石器等。陶器出土153件,均为泥质灰陶,烧制火候不高,保存较差,主要有鼎、敦、壶、罐、豆、缶、鬲、簠、匜、罍、盉、盂等。根据用途可分为礼器、生活用器、兵器等。铜器主要有礼器、兵器、生活用器等,礼器有鼎、敦、壶、盘、匜、勺等,兵器有剑、戈、矛、戈鐏、矛镦、箭镞等。铜铁结合器共计4件,主要有礼器、兵器,礼器为鼎,兵器为剑、矛。铁器共计7件,主要有兵器、饰件和工具。此次发掘出土的一批较为重要的遗物,为楚文化的研究提供了新的、必要的考古学资料。

Qixingyan cemetery is located in the fourth team sanhong village Jinan town of Jingzhou district,ancient city.In 2013 Museum of Jingzhou conducted rescue excavation to Qixingyan cemetery and recovered 127 burials those were estimated as Warring-States period,Eastern Han,Tang,song,Ming and Qing dynasties.There were 83 burials of Warring-States period and were divided to two types.One type is jia甲shape burial with passage,with a total of 13 burials.The other type is rectangular earthen shaft pit burials,in number of 70,which can be divided with niches and no niches.9 burials belong to the latter style.The human bones and burial utensils in the tombs are decayed.The burials yielded rich grave goods,including pottery wares,bronze,iron wares,jades and stone objects.The pottery wares,in total 153 pieces,are argillaceous grey pottery.The firing temperature is not high and in poor preservation.The pottery wares include ding,dui,pot,jar,dou,fou,li,fu,yi,lei,he,yu ect,.According to the function,the pottery can be divided into ritual wares,daily necessities,and weapon.The bronze can be divided into the three purposes.The bronze ritual wares include ding,dui,pot,plate,yi,spoon etc,.The weapon include sword,dagger-axe,spear,dagger-axe zun,spear dun arrow head.Four wares with copper and iron were unearthed,include ding as ritual ware,sword and spear as weapon.There are 7 iron wares including weapon,decoration and tools.The large amount grave goods unearthed from the burials provide new materials for the research of Chu Culture.