楚季宝钟与宜昌万福垴遗址

The Chu Ji Bao Bell and the Wanfunao Site in Yichang

通过对万福垴遗址出土的陶器进行类型学分析,可将万福垴遗址的文化遗存分为四期五段,即西周早期晚段至西周晚期早段五个连续发展阶段,并将其与周边同期文化进行比较,可知其与峡江地区的同期遗存存在关联,但比峡江地区生成年代略早,为周代一个地域文化类型;再通过对楚季宝钟的铸造年代及铭文錾刻年代进行分析,可推断楚季宝钟铸造于西周中期偏晚,铭文錾刻于西周晚期偏早。关于对万福垴铜器群的埋藏背景,推断其为祭祀坑的埋藏性质,祭祀对象为楚君熊扬,祭祀人为万福垴遗址的统治者熊挚。

At first,this paper makes typological analysis to the pottery wares unearthed at Wanfunao Site,and suggests that the cultural remains of Wanfunao Site could be divided into four phases and five stages,which were five successive developing stages from the late stage of the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the early stage of the late Western Zhou Dynasty,and then makes comparison with the nearby cultures of the same period,based on which this paper points out that the Wanfunao Site had relationship with the cultural remains of the same period in the Three Gorges zone but emerged a little earlier than the latter,and they belonged to the same regional cultural type in the Zhou Dynasty.Then,this paper analyzes the date of the casting of Chu Ji Bao Bell and that of the engraving of its inscription,suggesting that this bell was cast in the late stage of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty and its inscription was engraved in the early stage of the late Western Zhou Dynasty;finally,this paper estimates the background of the burying of the bronze assemblage at Wanfunao Site,and suggests that their nature was the contents of a sacrificial pit offered to Xiong Yang,the lord of the Chu State,and the sacrifice was officiated by Xiong Zhi,the ruler of the Wanfunao Site.