中国早期城址城墙结构研究

ON THE EARLY CITY WALL STRUCTURES IN CHINA

目次一引言二城墙形态结构三城墙技术结构四城墙墙基结构五城墙结构的区域划分六结语一引言早期城是城发展历史的早期或初期阶段,具有一定的原始性和独特性。具体到中国古代来说,早期城址是指史前至夏商时期的城址。城墙又称"城垣",是指围绕在城四周或内外的大型墙体,大多呈闭合状态,或与自然屏障连接成闭合状态,主要功能是军事防御或防洪,也兼有防盗、防野兽侵袭等功用。

The structure of a city wall refers to the composition and arrangement of each part of the city wall,mainly including the form structure(upper and lower,left and right),technical structure,and wall foundation structure.The upper and lower(longitudinal)form of early city walls in China has three major combinations:individual wall,wall+foundation trench,and wall+bedding.The left and right(horizontal)form include four basic combinations:individual wall,main wall+inner and outer revetment walls,main wall+inner revetment wall,and main wall+outer revetment wall.The wall construction methods are ramming,stacking,masonry,and formwork of wooden planks,with other mixed methods including ramming+formwork of wooden planks and ramming+stacking.The wall foundation structures have four basic types:level,foundation trench,perimeter trench,and cliff,and some of the city sites are a mixture of two or more types.In terms of region,the wall structures of early city sites in China can be classified into the central region,the southern region(with three sub-regions:the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yangtze River),and the northern region,with each region exhibiting unique features.The wall structures of the early city sites are not only consistent in general forms,but also possess complex,diverse,and regional characteristics.