韦伯社会学学说是怎样进入中国的?——前帕森斯的学术传播史考察

How was Max Weber’s Sociology Introduced into China?A Pre-Parsons History

马克斯·韦伯的思想学说进入中国的时间远比今日学界所知要早。本文着重梳理了20世纪20年代韦伯的社会科学思想输入中国的基本情况,期对20世纪韦伯学说的全球传播与交流史有所补阙,并进一步丰富现代中国社会科学(特别是社会学)的学术史知识。上世纪20年代顾孟余、俞颂华等留德旅德背景的中国学人最先为韦伯学说引入中国学界做出了贡献。1925年德国学者蓝德莱来华讲演,首次向中国正式引介韦伯的理解社会学。此外,韦伯社会学学说还通过中国学人译介高田保马、关荣吉等日本社会学者的作品而为国人所知。在这个过程中,《东方杂志》发挥了非常重要的学术媒介作用。经由德国以及日本这两条路径,中国学人开始初步了解韦伯及其社会科学思想的基本面貌。诸如“精神社会学”“理解社会学”“文化社会学”等提法,皆标示出韦伯学说及其所代表的不同于“西方社会学”的“德国社会学”进路之特质。

Max Weber’s theoretical doctrines entered into China much earlier than has been known.This article,by sorting out the basic clues of how Weber’s social science ideas were introduced into China in the 1920s,attempts to fill up a gap in the history of global dissemination and communication of Weber and his theories in the 20th century,and to enrich our knowledge of the history of modern Chinese social sciences,in particular Chinese sociology.In the 1920s,Gu Mengyu,Yu Songhua and other Chinese scholars who had studied in Germany were the first to introduce Weber’s theory into Chinese academia.In his public lecture in 1925,Emil Lederer for the first time presented Weber’s interpretive sociology to Chinese audiences.In addition,Weber’s sociological theory was brought to the attention of Chinese readers through the translation of the works of Japanese sociologists,such as Takada Yasuma and Seki Eikichi.In this process,The Eastern Miscellany(Dongfang zazhi)played a very important role as an academic medium.Through the German and Japanese channels,Chinese scholars began to have a preliminary understanding of Weber’s sociology.Special terms such as“interpretive sociology”and“cultural sociology”indicate the characteristics of Weber’s sociological theory,and the German sociology that it represents,which is drastically different from“Western sociology”.