超越商业化模式:现代化进程中的资本主义大转型

Beyond the Commercialization Model:The Great Transformation of Capitalism in the Process of Modernization

西方的现代化道路不只意味着工业革命和市场秩序的自发形成。相反,在现代化进程中,西方世界经历了巨大的转型,这种转型被认为是资本主义的诞生。资本主义商业化模式将市场和资本的兴起当作自发扩散的自然演进过程,并构成了市场自发秩序的价值规范。更经典的研究则超越商业化模式,一方面,将资本主义兴起看作社会经济的大转型,开启了全新的社会形态和经济形态;另一方面,将资本主义兴起看作伴随着政治权力与阶级冲突、国家干预与回应的政治过程。不将市场和资本的扩散完全作为基于人的自然属性的演进过程,使得对以下两个问题的回答成为必要,即不同国家的市场和资本如何发展起来,以及何种因素塑造了市场和资本不同的发展道路。以西方资本主义大转型为观照,将有助于推动中国式现代化道路的经验总结和发展探索。

The western path to modernization means more than the spontaneous emergence of the industrial revolution and the market order.Rather,in the process of modernization,the Western world undergoes a great transformation,i.e.,the birth of capitalism.The commercialization model of capitalism regards the rise of the market and capital as a natural evolving process of spontaneous diffusion and,along with it,the norms and values of a spontaneous market order.More classic studies,however,go beyond the commercialization model.In these studies,the rise of capitalism is regarded as a great transformation of social economy which opens up a brand new social and economic form.But more importantly,the rise of capitalism is also regarded as a political process accompanied by conflicts between political power and class,as well as by state intervention and its response.The view that the diffusion of the market and capital is not entirely an evolutionary process based on the human nature gives rise to two questions:how have the market and capital developed in different countries?and what factors have shaped the different paths of such market and capital development?By virtue of introspection and criticism of capitalism,Chinese modernization has taken a rather unique path.Taking the great transformation of capitalism as a frame of reference will help us to summarize the unique experiences of Chinese-style modernization.