历史转折中的人文知识重构——以新时期中国女性文学研究的发生为中心

Reconstruction of Humanistic Knowledge during Historical Transition: Centering around the Study of Chinese Women Literature in the New Era

20世纪70年代末的历史转折给当代中国既有人文知识体系带来了挑战,也为女性文学研究这类新领域的出现提供了契机。本文试图从文学创作、理论译介和生命经验这三个方面入手,分析女性文学研究的发生及其对新时期人文知识体系重构的影响,同时指出:女作家的创作及相关批评借助争议性爱情叙事,切入并转移了有关当代伦理道德变迁的讨论,为立足于情感维度的女性"个人"正当性的确立创造了契机;来自域外的"妇女文学"概念范畴,借助在正典与现实互动中生成的译介政治,参与了本土女性文学知识谱系的建构;女学者努力将个人生命经验凝练为知识生产的有机组成部分,不仅拓展了女性文学研究空间,还进一步探索了溢出知识生产逻辑的女性理论生成的可能。通过建立在对"女性"乃至新的"人"的理解基础上的一系列知识构造,新出现的女性文学研究,在一定程度上反映了新时期中国人文知识重构的复杂面向及其内在症候。

The historical transition near the end of 1970s not only brought about challenges to the existing humanistic knowledge system of contemporary China,but also provided an opportunity for such new fields as women’s literature study to emerge.This paper attempts to analyze the occurrence of women’s literature study and its influence on the reconstruction of the humanistic knowledge system in the new era,with focus on the following three aspects:literary creation,theoretical translation and introduction,and life experience.The author wants to point out that the creative writings of female writers and their critiques were using controversial narratives of love affairs to sway the discussion about contemporary ethical and moral transformation and make way for the establishment of the emotion-based legitimacy of individual women.The conceptual category of"women’s literature"imported from abroad,together with exotic political ideas generated by the interaction between the canon and reality,lent itself to the construction of the knowledge pedigree of local women’s literature.Female scholars worked hard to crystallize their personal life experience into knowledge production,which not only expanded the research scope of women’s literature,but also created the possibility of the generation of female theories that go beyond the logic of knowledge production.Through a series of knowledge construction based on the understanding of the"female"or even the new"human",the emergence of women’s literature study reflects to a certain extent the complex aspects and internal symptoms of the reconstruction of Chinese humanistic knowledge in the new era.