平谣术:安徽省无为县“水鬼毛人”谣言治理(1953-1954)研究

Killing A Rumor: A Study of Rumor Management in the Case of“Hairy Human Monster”in Wuwei County, Anhui Province in 1953-1954

20世纪50年代,有一场名为"水鬼毛人"的谣言在中国南方暴发。安徽省无为县在谣言暴发初期一直处于上下级之间的尴尬境地,情况较为混乱,激起了一系列干群冲突,但在政府采取严厉措施后,地方局势迅速稳定。过去学者受材料与视角所限,研究重心主要放在县级政权上。本文结合第一手的档案材料和田野访谈,将县级政权对谣言的处理政策放置在诸级政权之间的互动之中,对无为县政治谣言的事件史进行了社会学思路的再考察。本文指出,在理解地方政府的应对策略时,不能将之视作铁板一块。县级政权的应对策略——无论是"温和"/"严厉"的措施的实施,还是"群众闹事"/"反革命事件"的话语使用,都是在县级政权与上下级不断互动、反复修正中形成的。在这一过程中,县级与省级政权一直保持着非常紧密的联系而非对立。

In the 1950 s,rumors about a"hairy human monster"broke out in the north of China.In the initial period,the Wuwei County administration was thrown into chaos,with a series of clash occurring between the officials and the mass.The government then clamped down with an iron hand and the situation quickly stabilized.Past scholars,limited by materials and perspectives,were mainly focused on the county-level authority alone.This paper,based on an assortment of first-hand archive materials and field interviews,places the county-level authority and its handling of the rumors in the interactive relationship between the various levels of government,and re-examines the development of the rumors from a sociological point of view.The authors point out that the local governments were by no means monolithic in their response strategies.In responding to the rumor,the county-level government formed its strategy,be it policy oscillation between a mild and a harsh approach or the choice of accusative terms such as"mass disturbances"and"counterrevolutionary incidents,"through continuous interaction with higher and lower authorities and repeated self-corrections.In addition,the relationship between the county and the provincial governments was one of close connection rather than tit-for-tat antagonism.