银行外汇业务监管趋势分析与合规经营研究

Analysis on the Trend of Foreign Exchange Business Supervision and Compliance Operation of Banks

近年来,我国外汇监管部门不断加大检查与处罚力度,对银行外汇业务发展造成了较大的影响。加强对监管趋势的分析,了解违规问题的表现形式,有助于银行采取针对性措施,促进外汇业务的合规经营。本文通过收集近几年国家外汇管理局公开信息,分析外汇监管总体形势与变化,针对内保外贷、转口贸易购付汇、个人结售汇等重点领域进行了分析,归纳了违规问题表现形式及产生原因,并关注了银行卡境外提现和消费、非法网络炒汇平台、支付机构跨境支付、跨境贸易投资便利化改革等带来的新挑战。分析表明,外汇业务相对前沿,银行专业人员较为稀缺,管理制度、流程控制、系统功能存在缺陷,不利于应对监管趋势变化。对此,本文结合银行外汇业务的特点,提出了配套的政策建议。

In recent years, Chinese foreign exchange administrators increase the intensity of inspection and punishment, which has brought great impact on bank’s relevant business. Strengthening the analysis on supervision trends and understanding the forms of violations will help banks take targeted measures to promote compliance management of foreign exchange business. Through collecting public information of SAFE in recent years, this essay analyzes the overall situation and changes of foreign exchange supervision, focus on key business such as overseas loan under domestic guarantee, foreign exchange in transit trade, individual foreign exchange, and summarizes the forms and causes of violations. The essay also pays attention to new challenges from the overseas withdrawal and consumption of bank cards, illegal online exchange platform, crossborder payment of payment institutions, cross-border trade and investment facilitation reform. The analysis shows that foreign exchange business is in frontier domains, with scarce professional staff and defective management rules, process control and system functions, which is not conducive to cope with the change of supervision. In this regard, the essay proposes some related policy suggestions based on the features of banking foreign exchange business.