多角度理性看待中美货物贸易顺差

Treating Rationally Sino-US Merchandise Trade Surplus from Several Aspects

中美贸易总是在不平衡当中发展着。货物贸易方面,1993年中国对美首次出现顺差,之后顺差规模不断扩大,2001年中国取代日本成为美国最大的贸易逆差来源国,2018年中美贸易顺差达到历史记录的3233亿美元,美方统计数据还要远高于中方数据。为此,本文选取美方强调的人民币汇率低估,中方学者着力的双边贸易统计口径差异、东亚国家或地区的产业转移、跨国公司的全球战略调整、美国对华高技术产品出口的严苛限制、美国宏观经济内外失衡六个方面进行分析,探讨中美货物贸易不平衡发展的原因。

Sino-US trade has been always developing in an imbalance. As for merchandise trade,the year of 1993 is the first time for China to have trade surplus to the US Since then,the size of trade surplus has been expanding more and more. China replaced Japan and has been the largest economy of trade surplus to the US since 2001. The Sino-US trade surplus reached the record of USD 323. 3 billion in 2018. America’s data are much more than China’s. For this,the paper explores the reasons of Sino-US merchandise trade imbalance from six aspects,such as the devaluation of RMB exchange rate,the difference in statistical data between China and the US,the industries transfer to China from East Asia,the worldwide strategic adjustment of MNCs,the American strict restrictions on the exports of high-tech products and the American macroeconomy imbalance.