全球工程教育改革历史文献评述:1990年代

A Review of the Historical Literature on Global Engineering Education Reforms:The 1990s

文章作为工程教育改革研究史的第二篇,回顾20世纪90年代工程教育的改革与发展。20世纪80年代之后,90年代的工程教育复又面临新的形势与任务。继“技术范式”“科学范式”之后,美国工程教育开始探索其发展的第三个阶段——“工程范式”,提出了“回归工程”的新鲜命题,强调工程的综合性、实践性和创造性本质。欧洲则是在学位、学制和课程设置方面,探索工程师形成的多种过程与途径。为迎接新世纪的到来,我国的工程教育研究与实践,借中国工程院创立的东风,也掀起了新的改革浪潮。全球工程教育在“回归”“再造”的旗帜下,正在召回工程创新的灵魂。

As the second part of the research into history of engineering education reform,this paper reviews the reform and development of engineering education in the 1990s.After the 1980s,engineering education in the 1990s again faced new situations and tasks.Following the"technical paradigm"and"scientific paradigm",American engineering education began to explore the third stage of its development—"engineering paradigm",with a new proposition of"returning to engineering",emphasizing the comprehensive,practical and creative nature of engineering.In Europe,people explored the various processes and ways of the formation of engineers in terms of degree system and curriculum.In order to meet the new century,the research and practice of engineering education in China had also achieved full blossom in reforms with the establishment of the Chinese Acadamy of Engineering.Global engineering education is recalling the soul of engineering innovation through"reengineering".