新时代高等工程教育的范式变革与未来展望

Engineering’s Paradigm Shift and Future Prospects of Higher Education in the New Era

自第一次科技革命发生以来,以欧美发达国家为代表的国际高等工程教育历经“技术范式—科学范式—工程范式”三次变革。新中国成立之后,我国高等工程教育在短时间内实现了三次范式的转换,支撑了国家工程科技产业在不同阶段的快速发展。进入新时代,在知识体系发生变革与产业体系发生变革的共同作用下,我国高等工程教育以“新工科”建设为起点,全面推进与工程实践、与数字化改革、与产业链新发展、与商业模式新发展“四个结合”的范式变革,开启具有中国特色的高等工程教育创新范式,为我国建成世界制造业强国、实现高水平科技自立自强提供了强有力支撑。

Since the first scientific and technological revolution,international higher education of engineering,represented by developed countries in Europe and America,has experienced three transformations:"Technological ParadigmScientific Paradigm-Engineering Paradigm".China’s higher education of engineering has accomplished the three transformations within a short period of time after the founding of People’s Republic of China,supporting the rapid development of the nation’s engineering science and technology industry at different stages.In the new era,under the joint action of knowledge system change and industrial system change,China’s higher education of engineering comprehensively promotes the paradigm shift of"four combinations"with engineering practices,digitalization transformation,the new developments of industrial chain,and the new developments of business model based on"Emerging Engineering Education"and opens up an innovative paradigm of higher education of engineering with Chinese characteristics,which has provided strong support for China to build up a manufacturing power and achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance.