不同饲养方式的蜂场生产现状调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of the current production status of different apiary feeding methods

【目的】调查了解现阶段不同饲养方式的蜂场生产现状,特别是蜂场投入与产出情况。【方法】在江西、浙江、湖北、西藏选定了62个蜂场作为固定观察蜂场,2021-2023连续3年对这62个蜂场进行跟踪调查,系统分析了不同饲养方式的蜂场基本情况、蜂场生产投入情况、蜂场产出情况、蜂场生产蜂蜜和蜂王浆情况等。【结果】养蜂者平均年龄52.9岁,呈老龄化趋势;中华蜜蜂(Apiscerana cerana,中蜂)蜂场的蜂群数量明显高于意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustic,意蜂)蜂场;定地饲养蜂场年投入成本低于转地饲养蜂场,但定地饲养的中蜂蜂场年人均收入高于意蜂蜂场;中蜂蜂蜜平均销售价是意蜂蜂蜜约1-4倍;蜂蜜是蜂场最主要收入来源,特别中蜂蜂场达到92.5%。【结论】目前要继续推行定地和转地,中蜂与意蜂并行的蜂场饲养模式,并提出了三点建议,以期为蜂场生产健康发展提供参考。

[Aim]To investigate the current production status of different apiary feeding methods,focusing on apiary input and output.[Methods]Sixty-two fixed observation apiaries were selected in Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Hubei,and Xizang.The apiaries were monitored for three consecutive years between 2021 to 2023.The effect of different feeding methods on apiary basic conditions,production investment,output situation,and honey and royal jelly production were compared.[Results]The average age of beekeepers is 52.9 years old,showing an aging trend.The Apis cerana cerana apiary had significantly more colonies than the Apis mellifera ligustica apiary.The annual total investment cost of a permanent apiary is significantly lower compared to a migratory beekeeping apiary.However,the annual per capita income of a permanent A.cerana cerana apiary is significantly higher compared to an A.mellifera ligustic apiary.The average selling price of A.cerana cerana honey is nearly 1-4 times that of A.mellifera ligustica honey.Honey is the main source of income for beekeepers,especially with regards to the A.cerana cerana apiary which has a 92.5%yield.[Conclusion]It is essential to continue to promote permanent apiary and migratory beekeeping models.Additionally,the parallel breeding of A.cerana cerana and A.mellifera ligustic in the apiary should be encouraged.We have proposed three strategies to maintain the sustainable development of beekeeping apiaries.