印度谷螟幼虫在不同油酸含量花生品种中的发育期和头壳宽度比较研究

Comparison on the developmental duration and head capsule width of Plodia interpunctella larvae among several variety of peanuts in different oleic content

【目的】探明印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella(Hübner)幼虫取食不同油酸含量花生品种的发育特性,为花生储藏中该虫的科学防治害虫提供参考依据。【方法】分别在高油酸花生品种开农1715、开农1760和开农301,以及非高油酸花生品种豫花47、开农192、开农白2号和海花1号的花生仁中接种印度谷螟卵,于24、28和32℃温度下监测其中幼虫的发育历期、龄期和头壳宽度,计算比较其发育始点温度和有效积温。【结果】所测定的7个品种花生中,印度谷螟幼虫在3个温度下均经历了5个龄期化蛹。对应24、28和32℃的温度,高油酸品种开农1715中幼虫发育最慢,至蛹期发育历期分别为77、46和37d;非高油酸品种开农白2号中幼虫发育最快,相应发育历期分别为53、27和27d。同一温度下,幼虫的发育历期在高油酸品种开农1715、开农1760和开农301中均显著大于非高油酸品种豫花47、开农192、开农白2和海花1号中。试验温度下,温度升高,幼虫发育至蛹的历期显著缩短。5个虫龄的幼虫头壳宽度在不同品种花生中差异不显著(P>0.05),达到相同头壳宽度所经历时间则差异显著(P<0.05)。高油酸品种开农1715、开农1760、开农301和非高油酸品种开农白2号中幼虫的发育起点温度分别为16.4、15.2、17.3和17.7℃。不同品种花生中幼虫期的有效积温差异显著,高油酸品种开农1760中最高达618.9日·度,非高油酸品种开农白2号中最低为331.5日·度。【结论】高油酸品种花生中印度谷螟幼虫的发育历期显著长于非高油酸品种中的幼虫(P<0.05)。花生油酸含量不同的同龄期幼虫头壳宽度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。不同品种花生中印度谷螟幼虫发育始点温度为15.2-17.7℃,高油酸花生中幼虫发育有效积温均明显高于非高油酸品种。

[Objectives]Research on the occurrence characteristics of insect pests in different storage materials.Knowing the development characteristics of Plodia interpunctella larvae infested on several variety of peanuts in different oleic content,can provide reference on their scientific management in stored peanut.[Methods]The developmental duration,instars,and larvae head capsule width of Plodia interpunctella(Hübner)were assayed in several varieties of high oleic acid peanut kernel that included in Kainong 1715,Kainong 1760 and Kainong 301,as well as some non-high oleic acid varieties that involved in Yuhua 47,Kainong 192,Kainongbai No.2 and Haihua No.1,at temperature of 24,28 and 32℃.The zero developmental temperature and effective accumulated temperature of the larvae were also calculated according to the tested temperatures and development days.[Results]There were five instars of larvae in all seven assayed varieties of peanut at three temperatures.The developmental duration of P.interpunctella larvae cultured with high oleic acid variety of Kainong 1715 was 77,46,and 37 d,respectively.The shortest developmental duration was 53,27,and 27 d in non-high oleic acid variety of Kainongbai No.2,at 24,28 and 32℃,respectively.The developmental duration of the larvae in high oleic acid variety of Kainong 1715,Kainong 1760,and Kainong 301 was significantly longer than that in others.The developmental duration from larvae to pupae was shorten with temperature increasing.The head capsule width in each larvae instar was not significantly among of peanut varieties,the time reached the same width of head capsule was different significantly.The zero developmental temperature of the larvae in high oleic acid variety of Kainong 1715,Kainong 1760,Kainong 301,and non-high oleic acid variety of Kainongbai No.2 was 16.4,15.2,17.3 and17.7℃,respectively.The effective accumulated temperature in larval stage of the moth in high oleic acid variety of Kainong 1760 was highest up to 619 degree·days,and lowest(331.5 degree·days)in non-high oleic acid variety of Kainongbai No.2.[Conclusion]The development duration of the larvae in high oleic acid peanut was obviously longer than that in non-high oleic acid peanut.The head capsule width of larvae at each instar was not significantly affected by peanut in different oleic content.The developmental threshold temperature of the larvae in different peanut varieties was between 15.2 and 17.7℃.The effective accumulated temperature in larval stage in high oleic acid variety was significantly higher than that in non-high oleic acid variety.