基于文献计量的全球氢燃料电池技术竞争态势分析

Analysis of International Competition of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Based on Bibliometrics

在全球气候变暖和能源供给日益紧张的背景下,氢燃料电池因其绿色高效的优势受到各国的关注。该文梳理和分析了主要国家/地区氢燃料电池发展战略与规划;并采用文献计量和文本挖掘技术,分析了第五代氢燃料电池——质子交换膜燃料电池的发展态势。研究结果表明:主要国家十分重视氢燃料电池技术,近年来纷纷出台政策加强战略布局和研发投入。从专利数量变化趋势和分布上看,氢燃料电池技术发展可能处于瓶颈期;日本和美国技术竞争优势明显,日本是该领域最大的技术来源国和技术市场国,且专利集中在丰田、松下电器等大型跨国企业手中,跨国企业技术垄断趋势明显;质子交换膜燃料电池技术研发热点主题主要集中在膜电极组件、辅助与控制系统等技术领域。

In the context of global warming and increasingly shortage of energy supply, hydrogen fuel cell has attracted attention from countries due to their green and efficient advantages. This paper reviewed and analyzed the development strategies and plans of hydrogen fuel cell in major countries/regions, and analyzed the development trend of fifth-generation hydrogen fuel cell-proton exchange membrane fuel cell using bibliometrics and text mining techniques. The research results showed that major countries attach great importance to hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in recent years have introduced policies to strengthen strategic layout and R&D investment. From the perspective of the trend and distribution of the number of patents, the development of hydrogen fuel cell technology may be in a bottleneck period. Japan and the United States have obvious technological competitive advantages. Japan is the largest technology source country and technology market country in this field, and patents are concentrated in the hands of large multinational enterprises such as Toyota and Panasonic, and the technology monopoly trend of multinational enterprises is obvious. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology research and development hot topics are mainly concentrated in membrane electrode assembly, auxiliary and control systems and other technical fields.