战时国民党军士兵的副食获取与驻地军民关系——以重庆卫戍区为中心

Non-staple Food Acquisition by the Kuomintang Soldiers in the Wartime and Civil-Military Relations——Centered on Chongqing Garrison

抗战时期国民党军部队生存境况恶劣、士兵营养不良,副食不足的影响至为关键,而重庆卫戍区的情况则是其缩影。受补给方式、地区物价等因素影响,重庆卫戍区驻军的副食获取出现很大困难。为此,基层官长只得频繁就地接洽副食补助,军政当局则出台征购办法并组织代办所、补给委员会等供应机构。不过,各方对策多未能解决问题,强取柴菜、变售图利、施暴勒索等军队扰民行为时有发生,这对驻地军民关系造成不同程度的冲击。回看当局对策,其"地方化"改革取径未尽合理,而抗战末期将副食纳入后勤补给的尝试虽合乎理想,却难以完整落实。在物质供应得不到保证的情况下,各地部队对民众的滋扰很难避免,但重庆卫戍区所呈现的严重事态,也与当地特殊的军情、社情有关。

During the War of Resistance,the Kuomintang armies faced poor survival conditions,and the soldiers had poor nutrition.The key factor was the influence of insufficient non-staple food,and the situation of Chongqing Garrison was an epitome.Under the influence of supply modes,regional prices and other factors,it was difficult for the troops of Chongqing Garrison to obtain non-staple food.Therefore,the lower level officers had to contact the local governments to get subsidies frequently,while the military and political authorities introduced requisition and purchase measures and organized a series of supply agencies.However,the measures introduced by all parties did not solve the problems,and the disturbing behaviors such as"forcefully getting vegetables and cutting trees"took place frequently,which had significant impacts on the relationship between the troops and the local people.Looking back at those measures,the"localization"reform was not reasonable,and the attempt to admit non-staple food into logistic supply at the end of the War of Resistance was ideal,but it was difficult to carry out completely.In the absence of a guaranteed supply of materials,it was difficult to avoid harassment of local people by troops.However,the serious situation in Chongqing Garrison was also related to the special military and social situation in the region.