新型冠状病毒肺炎的中医病名探究

On naming COVID-19 in traditional Chinese medicine

本文通过梳理国家、各地区《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案》及相关文献,对新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)特点进行分析,结合中医疫病的命名方式,对其中医命名进行探究。新冠肺炎的中医命名目前有疫病、瘟疫、寒疫、寒湿疫、寒湿肺疫、湿瘟、湿疫、湿毒疫、温疫、湿热疫、肺瘟、风瘟、冬温、风温夹湿之疫疠、木疫等。经分析,该病的中医命名可统称为疫病、瘟疫;根据病证性质和病机特点可命名为"湿毒疫",能够反映湿性病证贯穿始终、瘀毒阻滞的疾病特点;根据病位命名的"肺瘟""肺疫"不能全面体现该病的病变部位;根据发病季节、时令主气命名的"冬温""风瘟""风温夹湿",具有温病学的明确定义,不符合该疫病的发病特点和病变规律;根据五行运气可命名为"木疫";该病目前不适合根据临床特点进行命名。随着对该病认识的不断深入,疾病的命名还会进一步完善。

Through review of national and regional Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and related literature,this article analyzed the characteristics of COVID-19,and probed into its TCM nomenclature,combining the naming rules for pestilence in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The terms used for COVID-19 in TCM currently include pestilence,cold pestilence,cold-damp pestilence,cold-damp lung pestilence,damp pestilence,dampness-toxin pestilence,warm pestilence,damp-heat pestilence,lung pestilence,wind pestilence,winter pestilence,wind-warm and damp pestilence,wood pestilence,etc.COVID-19 can be generally referred to as"pestilence"in TCM;according to the nature of the symptoms and the characteristics of the pathogenesis,it can be named as"dampness-toxin pestilence"since symptoms of damp nature have maintained throughout the disease course with the pathogenesis of stasis and toxin obstruction;the name of"lung pestilence"according to disease location fails to reflect the lesion site of the disease;the name of"winter pestilence","wind pestilence"and"wind-warm and dampness pestilence"according to the time of onset,though in accordance with the definition of warm diseases,does not conform to the characteristics and pathological rules of the disease;according to the five elements motion and six climatic changes,it can be named as"wood pestilence".At present,it is not suitable to name the disease only according to clinical characteristics,but with increased understanding of this disease,the nomenclature may be further improved.