加味六安煎对咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠气道重塑病理形态学的影响

Effects of Jiawei Liu’an Jian on pathomorphology of airway remodeling in rats with cough variant asthma

目的观察加味六安煎对咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)大鼠气道炎症及肺组织气道重塑病理变化的影响,探讨加味六安煎治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的作用机制。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、孟鲁司特钠组、加味六安煎(低、中、高)剂量组。以卵蛋白、氢氧化铝致敏并吸入卵蛋白激发法复制咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠模型,观察各组大鼠肺组织的炎性细胞浸润、胶原沉积(胶原面积及胶原容积分数)程度以及气道形态学参数的变化。结果与正常组相比,模型组镜下可见肺组织炎性细胞浸润、充血、水肿;与模型组相比,各治疗组肺组织炎性细胞减少,充血、水肿程度减轻;与正常组相比,模型组胶原面积增加(P<0.05),各治疗组间相比,加味六安煎高剂量组胶原面积减少最明显(P<0.05),加味六安煎各剂量组与孟鲁司特钠组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与正常间组相比,模型组胶原容积分数增加(P<0.05),各治疗组间相比,加味六安煎高剂量组胶原容积分数降低最明显(P<0.05),加味六安煎各剂量组与孟鲁司特钠组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与正常组相比,模型组平滑肌面积/支气管基底膜周径(Wam/Pbm)、气管内壁面积/支气管基底膜周径(Wai/Pbm)均明显增大(P<0.05),各治疗组间相比,加味六安煎高剂量组Wam/Pbm、Wai/Pbm比值均为最小(P<0.05),孟鲁司特钠组与加味六安煎各剂量组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论加味六安煎治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的可能作用机制之一是通过减轻肺组织炎性细胞浸润、充血、水肿程度,减少气道周围胶原沉积,干预咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠气道重塑,从而达到防治本病的目的。

Objective To observe the effects of Jiawei Liu’an Jian(Supplemented Six-Ingredient Decoction,JWLAJ)on airway inflammation and pathological changes of pulmonary tissue remodeling in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA),and to explore its mechanism in treating CVA,so as to provide evidence for clinical treatment.Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly allocated into normal group,model group,Montelukast sodium(MS)group,and treatment groups including low-dose,middose and high-dose JWLAJ groups.The rats were sensitized with albumin and aluminium hydroxide,and then inhaled albumin to replicate CVA rat models.The infiltration of pulmonary inflammatory cells,the degree of collagen deposition(collagen area and collagen volume fraction)and morphological changes of airway in the lung tissues of rats in each group were observed.Results Compared with the normal group,inflammatory cell infiltration,hyperemia and edema could be observed in the lung tissues under the microscope in the model group.Compared with the model group,the amount of inflammatory cells in the lung tissues were reduced in all treatment groups,and the degrees of hyperemia and edema were also reduced.Collagen area:Compared with the normal group,the collagen area of the model group was increased(P<0.05);compared with each other in the treatment groups,the collagen area decreased most significantly(P<0.05)in the low-dose JWLAJ group;there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups and the MS group(P>0.05).Collagen volume fraction:Compared with the normal group,the collagen volume fraction of the model group was increased(P<0.05);compared with each other in treatment groups,the collagen volume fraction decreased most significantly(P<0.05)in the low-dose JWLAJ group;there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups and MS group(P>0.05).The airway morphological parameters:Compared with normal group,there was a significant increase in smooth muscle area/bronchial basement membrane diameter(Wam/Pbm),as well as airway wall area/bronchial basement membrane diameter(Wai/Pbm)in the model group(P<0.05).Compared within the treatment groups,the Wam/Pbm,Wai/Pbm ratios were the lowest in low-dose JWLAJ group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the MS group and treatment groups(P>0.05).Conclusion JWLAJ could be used to prevent and treat CVA,probably by reducing infiltration,hyperemia and edema of inflammatory cells in lung tissues,reducing collagen deposition surrounding the airway,as well as interfering in airway remodeling.