赣南地区乡土建筑的营造程式与匠语稗义——基于东生围“量天尺”的解读与辨析

Procedures and Rituals of Construction and Interpretation of Craftsmen's Terms of Vernacular Architectures in Southern Jiangxi:Interpretation and Discrimination Based on Liang-tian-chi of Dongshengwei

赣南地区东生围建筑内保存一根“量天尺”,其上出现一段与营造程式相关的文字,与以往所见南方的篙尺记录内容不太相同。论文结合族谱资料,确定了该“量天尺”的制作时间和对应建筑,并基于赣南乡土建筑的结构形制,对“量天尺”上的六个营造匠语即“起符、起脚、上梁、扇架、行墙、梁归栋位”进行语义及实际营造行为的辨析,进而整体性地梳理赣南地区的营造程式,并探讨匠语稗义及其内涵。为在更大地域范围中探讨赣南乡土建筑营造的源流问题提供线索和依据。

A Liang-tian-chi preserved in the Dongshengwei in southern Jiangxi Province has words related to the construction attached to it of which are different from the Gao-chi in the south.Combined with the genealogical data,the paper determines when the Liang-tian-chi is made,and which house needs to be built with it.Based on the structural form of vernacular architectures in southern Jiangxi,this paper discriminates the six craftsmen's terms:Qi-fu,Qi-jiao,Shang-liang,Shan-jia,Xingqiang and Liang-gui-dong-wei on the Liang-tian-chi,then combs the procedures and rituals of construction in southern Jiangxi Province integrally and discusses the connotation of craftsmen's words.It provides clues and the basis in a larger regional scope for exploring the origin and development of vernacular architecture in southern Jiangxi.