西方非传统生育环境的演进、设计与效益

The Evolution,Design and Benefits of Alternative Birth Settings in Western Countries

非传统生育环境在西方国家经历了80余年的演进与发展,产生了广泛的社会效益。对其进行系统梳理对我国生育环境的转型升级具有重要参考价值。首先,对西方非传统生育环境的演进历程进行了回顾,将其划分为3个阶段并凝练主要特点。其次,从空间和环境两个方面对非传统生育环境的类型及其特征展开了论述。再次,归纳了非传统生育环境的积极效益,包含身体健康、心理认知、行为体验、家庭关系和经济效益5个方面。最后,从人本思想、政策经济和本土化设计3个方面提出了对我国的启示。

Alternative birth settings,which have been developing for over 80 years in Western countries,have shown extensive social benefits.It is essential to conduct a review of alternative birth settings systematically due to the great value for the birth setting promotion and revolution in China.First,this paper has reviewed the evolution of alternative birth settings in Western countries,and presented three main development phases and their characteristics.Second,this paper has discussed the types as well as the features of alternative birth settings from space and environment aspects.Third,this paper has explained the benefits of alternative birth settings in five aspects,involving physical health,psychology,behavior and experience,family relationship and economic benefits.Finally,a series of enlightenment for China’s alternative birth settings has been proposed from three aspects,including human-oriented thinking,policy and economy,as well as localized design.