规制与变通:自上而下的近代监狱建筑改良实践

Regulation and Flexibility:A Top-Bottom Improvement Practice for Modern Prison Building

清末新政肇始的近代监狱建筑改良是一种自上而下的近代建筑转型,是中国近代建筑发展的单一被动"冲击-反应"模式背景下仅有的主动学习西方的历程。文章回溯了近代狱政改良这一历史事件,分析了新式监狱的形制和特征,并以近代安徽省3所监狱建筑为例,探讨了在官方主导的统一规制之下,近代建筑转型过程中的融会和变通。

As a top-bottom transformation of modern buildings,the improvement of modern prison building since the New Deal in the Late Qing-dynasty is the only course of actively learning from the West under the background of the single passive“impact-reaction”model of the development of modern Chinese architecture.The article traces back to the historical event of the reform of the prison policy in modern times,analyzes the form and characteristics of the new prisons,and takes three prison buildings in modern Anhui Province as an example to discuss the integration and flexibility in the transformation of modern architecture under the unified regulation led by the government.