蓟镇暗门考实——分布、形制、功能

The Investigation of Distribution,Category and Usage of Hidden Doors:Along the Jizhen Defensive District of the Ming Great Wall

暗门在明长城沿线各镇普遍设置,与"关""口"共同构成3级跨境交通设施。研究以在建的世界首个明长城全线无盲区图像与三维数据库为基础,在遗存相对丰富的蓟镇明长城沿线发现、定位、踏勘、测量53座暗门,首先依据形制、构造进行归类分析,再结合明代善本舆图和方志史料,分析暗门的选址布局规律、功能分化,并比较蓟镇暗门与宣大、延绥等防区的数座暗门,以数字化测量记录与跨地域比较填补古代军事建筑的暗门研究缺环,有助于将长城沿线跨境交流秩序带更全面地揭示出来,以支撑"长城沿线国家文化公园体系"建设。

The hidden doors,which form a three-level cross-border transportation facility together with the“Pass”and“Gate”,were generally set up along the whole line of the Ming Great Wall.Based on the first non-blind zone image and three-dimensional database of Ming Great Wall in the world,this paper discovers,coordinates and surveys 53 hidden doors along the relatively richly-preserved Jizhen defensive district of Ming Great Wall.First,classification was conducted according to the shape and structure of hidden doors.Second,combined with the records in the rare books and historical maps of Ming Dynasty,the location and layout of the hidden doors,and the functional differentiation were analyzed.Meanwhile,the features of hidden doors in Jizhen defensive district compared with the hidden doors in XuanDa,YanSui and other defensive zones.