干湿热气候自然通风建筑下人体热反应的对比研究

Comparative Study of Human Thermal Response in Naturally-Ventilated Buildings in Hot-Arid and Hot-Humid Climates

地区气候的差异性造成了不同地区人们的适应能力、热舒适需求及室内环境保障设计的差异要求。为了比较干热和湿热气候对人体热反应的影响,选择典型干热和湿热气候的农村住宅进行夏季热舒适的现场调研,共获得1476套有效数据。结果表明:干热和湿热地区80%可接受温度上限分别为33.6℃和31.9℃,干热气候人们的耐热能力以及对高温的接受能力要高于湿热地区。在干热气候下极端高温作用下,增加湿度、加大风速均不利于人们热感觉的改善,但在湿热气候区,湿度对人们热感觉影响不大,温度越高,风速越大,越有利于改善人们的热感觉。在湿热地区,人们期望风速增加、期望温度降低的意愿比干热地区更为强烈。以上研究为干热和湿热地区热舒适标准的制定、被动式设计和室内热环境的设计提供了参考。

Differences in local climates have caused different adaptability,thermal comfort needs and indoor environmental designs in different regions.To compare the effects of hot-arid and hot-humid climates on human thermal response,a field study concerning thermal comfort in summer was conducted in the rural residential buildings in typical hot-arid and hot-humid climates.A total of 1476 sets of valid data were obtained.The results show that 80%the upper limit of acceptable temperatures in hot-arid and hot-humid climates are 33.6℃and 31.9℃,respectively.People’s tolerance to heat and acceptability to high temperature in hot-arid climate are higher than that in hot-humid climate.Under the extreme high temperature in hot-arid climate,increasing humidity and wind speed are not conducive to improving people’s thermal sensation,while humidity has little effect on people’thermal sensations in hot-humid climate,that is,the higher the temperature,the greater the wind speed can better improve people’s thermal comfort.People’s expectation of an increase in wind speed and a lower temperature in hot-humid climate is stronger than that in hot-humid climate.The above results can be reserved as a reference for the formulation of thermal comfort standards,passive design,and indoor thermal environment design in hot-arid and hot-humid climates.