徽州传统民居24节气的热环境实测分析

Thermal Environment of 24 Solar Terms in Huizhou Traditional Residences

徽州传统民居具有独特的气候特点和丰富的气候适应性技术,对一幢传统民居的室内外温湿度进行连续3 a的实测,以24节气为周期分析室内外温湿度变化规律。徽州传统民居的室内外温度在立春时开始回升,惊蛰时回升较快,在大暑时节升至最高,随后温度开始下降,且寒露时节温度降低较快,在大寒时节降至最低。室内外温度全部低于舒适温度下限的节气有:小雪到雨水,这些节气需要穿棉衣、盖棉被、关门窗,开启采暖设施。室外湿度全天超过90%的节气有春分和秋分;室内湿度全天超过90%的节气有白露、秋分、寒露、小寒。湿度较高的节气可以通过调节饮食,如多吃温补类、蔬菜水果等食物来降低人体对于高湿的不舒适感。热舒适状态的节气是春分到小暑、立秋、处暑、霜降等共11个节气;在惊蛰、立冬节气温度较低,小雪到雨水节气温度低于舒适温度下限,大暑时温度高于舒适温度上限,白露到寒露时节湿度高于舒适湿度上限。研究对于掌握夏热冬冷地区室内外温湿度随节气变化规律、指导现代居民的热环境行为调节提供理论基础。

Huizhou traditional residences have unique climate characteristics and rich climate adaptability technology.Indoor and outdoor temperatures and humidity of a Huizhou traditional residence were measured for three consecutive years in order to analyze changes in indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity with 24 solar terms as cycle.Indoor and outdoor temperatures of the traditional Huizhou residence begin to rise in spring begins,rise faster in the Insects awaken,and reach the peak during the Great heat.After that,the temperature begins to drop;the temperature falls faster in Cold Dew;and the temperature is decreased to the minimum during the Great cold.Indoor and outdoor temperatures are all below the lower limit of the comfort temperature in Spring Begins,The Rains,Light Snow,Heavy Snow,Winter Solstice,Slight Cold,Great Cold.In these solar terms,people should wear cotton coats,have quilt cover,close doors and windows,and open heating facilities.Outdoor humidity over 90%of the solar terms throughout the day includes Vernal Equinox and Autumn Equinox.Indoor humidity over 90%of the solar terms throughout the day contains the White Dew,the Autumn Equinox,the Cold Dew and the Slight Cold.In the solar terms with high humidity,people can adjust by eating,such as eating warm food,vegetables and fruits to reduce the body’s discomfort for high humidity.People feel thermal comfort in 11 festivals including Spring Equinox,Slight Heat,Autumn Begins,the Limit of Heat,and Frost Descent,etc.The temperature in Insects Awake and Winter Begins is low.People experience the lower limit of comfort temperature in Light snow to The Rains.The temperature during the Great Heat is higher than the upper limit of the comfort temperature.The humidity from the White Dew to the Cold dew is higher than the upper limit of the comfortable humidity.The research provides a theoretical basis for knowing the indoor and outdoor temperatures and humidity in hot-summer and cold-winter areas in accordance with the changing law of solar energy and guiding the adjustment of thermal environment behaviors of modern residents.