北京农村污水处理设施停运成因大样本调研解析

Reasons for outage of centralized sewage treatment facilities in Beijing rural areas based on a large sample survey

农村污水处理设施停运现象普遍存在,如何保障设施长效运行是当前农村污水治理面临的重要挑战。现场调查了北京市680座农村集中式污水处理设施,对比分析了冬、夏两季运行现状,并从地形、村庄类型、工艺类型、设计规模、建设方式、建设时间、运营方规模、有无在线检测和有无在线监控9个情景解析提出了设施停运原因及概率。结果表明,冬季污水处理设施停运率高于夏季,这一趋势在远郊区更为显著。污水结冰、来水不足、资金匮乏、设备损坏、雨水汇入和升级改造是设施停运的6个成因,其中,前两者为主要因素。在山地、重要水源地村庄、采用生态工艺、设施规模小、半地埋建设方式、中等规模运维、无在线监测和无在线监控等情景下设施停运概率较高。

The outage of rural sewage treatment facilities is widespread,it’s a great challenge to ensure the long-term operation of the facilities.Field investigations were carried out on 680 rural centralized sewage treatment facilities in Beijing in winter and summer respectively,and a comparative analysis of the operating characteristics of the facility in two seasons were carried out.More over,the causes and probabilities of facility outages were analyzed statistically from nine scenarios including terrain,village type,process type,design scale,construction type,commissioning time,operator scale,presence or absence of online detection,and presence or absence of online monitoring.The results show that the outage rate of sewage treatment facilities is higher in winter than in summer,and this trend is more pronounced in the outer suburbs.Sewage freezing,insufficient incoming water,rainwater influx,instrument damage,lack of funds,and process modification are the six factors that cause facility interruption,of which the first two are the main factors.Facilities are more prone to outages under the following scenarios:located in mountains,located in villages in important water sources,using ecological technologies,small-scale facilities,semi-underground construction mode,medium-scale operation and maintenance,no online monitoring and no online monitoring.