福克斯数字劳动理论再审视——基于马克思主义政治经济学的考察

Restudy on Fox’s Digital Labor Theory——Based on Marxist Political Economy

兴起于20世纪末的大数据技术,促使传统资本主义社会的劳动组织形式与资本运动模式发生数字化转型,为马克思主义政治经济学的创新发展带来了新的机遇与挑战。西方传播政治经济学派学者克里斯蒂安·福克斯是率先对“数字劳动”与“数字资本”问题展开深入研究的代表性人物,他对马克思的异化劳动理论、劳动价值论及剩余价值理论进行了大数据时代的重构,一定程度上拓展了马克思主义政治经济学的研究视野。但是,福克斯将互联网用户的活动不科学地抽象为创造数据商品的“数字劳动”,片面地理解了大数据商品的价值形成过程;过度赋予数字资本积累以“剩余价值生产”属性,割裂了数字资本与资本主义整体生产体系的联系,最终导致他未能将大数据时代无产阶级的斗争方案直指资本主义矛盾根源,只停留于诉诸“共产主义网络”的构建而带有一定的空想色彩。坚持以马克思主义唯物辩证法认识数字劳动与数字资本的本质,对发展大数据时代的马克思主义政治经济学、把握社会主义市场经济下数字资本的特殊行为规律及发展路径,具有重要理论和现实意义。

ion of the activities of Internet users as“digital labor”in the creation of data commodities provides a one-sided understanding of the value formation process of big data commodities.He overly attributes the accumulation of digital capital with the property of“surplus value production”,severing the link between digital capital and the capitalist production system as a whole.As a result,he fails to direct the proletariat's program of struggle in the era of big data to the root causes of capitalist contradictions,and only resorts to the construction of a“communist network”,which is somewhat idealistic.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to adhere to the Marxist materialist dialectics to understand the nature of digital labor and digital capital for the development of Marxist political economy in the era of big data,and understand the special behavioral law and development path of digital capital under the socialist market economy.