民粹主义政治经济学与身份认同理论

The Political Economy of Populism and Identity Theory

经济学界对民粹主义的研究正在突破经典的理论范式,不断地吸取政治学、社会学和认知心理学的研究成果,在他们的模型中引入了社会文化、信仰、价值理念和受教育程度等从不同维度反映选民身份的诸多变量。从西方社会身份认同危机中暴露的社会文化和阶级利益冲突入手,探讨民粹主义流行的社会基础和理论渊源,试图从社会心理学、经济学和政治学诸角度解读西方社会政治极化和社会裂变的原因和影响。借鉴身份认同理论和民粹主义政治经济学领域最新的研究成果,依据不同社会阶层选民经济利益和社会、政治地位的契合和冲突,对现代西方社会各阶级、各党派进行了重新划分,探讨了选民阶级身份和社会文化身份的演变和分离对政党政治联盟的影响,以期为理解西方社会政治极化、社会裂变和把握21世纪国际经济、政治、军事和外交关系以及地缘政治走向提供前瞻性的思考。

Economic research of populism has incorporated contributions of political science,sociology and cognitive psychology by introducing social culture,beliefs,value and education variables into the model,which is a remarkable breakthrough of classical paradigm.This paper explores the social foundation of populism as well as its theoretical origins by focusing on the deepening sociocultural and class conflicts exposed in western society’s identity crisis,seeking to interpret the reasons and impact of political polarization and social cleavages from social psychology,economic and political perspectives.Then the paper reclassify the classes and parties of modern western society,drawing on the latest research in identity politics and populism,according to the consistency and conflict of economic interests and social and political status of voters of different social classes.This paper discusses the impact of the evolution and separation of voter class identity and social cultural identity on partisan political coalition help understand political polarization and social cleavages in western societies and shed new light on the trend of international economic,political,military,diplomatic relationships,especially geopolitics of the 21st century.