政治学方法论视角下的“历史终结论”评析

Comment on “The End of History” Based on Methodology of Politics

20世纪80年代末《历史的终结与最后的人》一书中,福山提出人类的政治制度将终结于资本主义民主制度,这一论断随着国际共运低潮而名噪一时。但是之后几十年的世界的发展显然与福山的“历史终结论”背道而驰。究其原因,与其方法论有着必然的关联。方法论是研究方法的学说,方法的正确与否也决定了理论的正确与否。政治学方法论的内容应该包括形而上学与科学实证的辩证统一、经济基础与上层建筑的辩证统一、历时性与共时性的辩证统一、全球化与文化多样性的辩证统一等。在福山的研究方法中,有其值得肯定的品质和研究方法,但是,历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的观念与方法的缺乏,无法摆脱西方中心论的影响等是其方法论存在的问题。

In“The End of History and the Last Man”,Fukuyama put forward that the political system of mankind will be ended in the capitalist democratic system,and with the low tide of the international communist movement,he gain considerable fame among his contemporaries.The development of the world in the following decades clearly ran counter to Fukuyama’s“end of history conclusion”,the reason behind of which is necessarily related to the methodology.Methodology is the theory of research methods,and the correctness of the method also determines the correctness of the theory.The content of political science methodology should include the dialectical unity of metaphysics and scientific evidence,the dialectical unity of economic base and superstructure,the dialectical unity of diachronic and consensus,the dialectical unity of globalization and cultural diversity,etc.There are certain qualities and research methods worthy of recognition In Fukuyama’s research methods,but the problems exist such as:the lack of concepts and methods of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,and the inability to get rid of the influence of Western centralism.