列宁与革命:一种批判——昨天与今天

Lenin and Revolution:A Critique——Yesterday and Today

列宁的理论、政治观点和斗争策略是特别针对二十世纪初的形势的,无法“重复”使用。列宁采用阶级分析法,对资本主义、工人阶级的政治代理人以及政治经济大国的地缘政治结构进行了分析。他结合政治经济学、地缘政治、政治组织和结构社会学,创新了革命实践。列宁对支持俄国革命的社会力量的评价是正确的,但是,他对垄断资本主义瓦解的分析过于乐观,对发达资本主义国家的工人阶级的分析不够全面。他所采用的政治分析法要求重新定义反抗力量和阶级同盟,把重心从半边缘地区转移到资本主义链条“最牢固的环节”。他关于“新型政党”和“无产阶级专政”的提议需要修改。列宁的“复兴”必须考虑全球资本主义的矛盾和阶级的重新划分问题。作者认为,“回归列宁”不是要采纳他的政策,而是要重塑他从马克思对资本主义的分析中得出的社会主义政治经济构想。

Lenin’s theories,politics and tactics are specific to the early twentieth century and can’t be“repeated.”His project should be considered in terms of its methodology,its understanding of capitalism based on a class analysis,the political agency of the working class and the geopolitical structures of economic and political power.Lenin combined political economy,geo-politics,political organisation and a sociology of social structure to form an innovative revolutionary praxis.He was correct in his appraisal of the social forces in support of revolutions in Russia.But he provided an over-optimistic prediction for the disintegration of monopoly capitalism and only a partial analysis of the working classes in the advanced capitalist countries.His political approach requires a redefinition of countervailing forces and class alliances and a shift of focus away from the semi-periphery to the“strongest links”in the capitalist chain.His proposals for a“party of a new type”and the“dictatorship of the proletariat”require revision.A“renewal”of Lenin has to consider the contradictions of global capitalism and the re-territorialisation of classes.The author considers that a“return to Lenin”is not to adopt his policies but a prompt to reinvent a socialist political and economic vision derived from Marx’s analysis of capitalism.