马克思财富分配正义思想的共享精神研究

The Sharing Spirit of Marx’s Thought of Justice of Wealth Distribution

正义的实质是通过等利(害)的交换实现人民利益共享。马克思强调按照贡献进行分配是分配正义的根本依据,劳动创造财富,实行按劳分配保障了广大劳动人民共享财富。按需分配的基本依据是所有人民在组成社会方面作出了平等的贡献,实行按需分配保障了全体人民共享一些财富,按需分配的实现程度由社会发展情况决定。马克思认为个体仁慈之德的主观性强,应由社会管理机构主持慈善事业。马克思强调生产资料公有制是实行按贡献分配的根本基础。现实中,生产资料公有制还发挥着引导私有经济实现人民共享生活资料的作用。在习近平总书记提出的新的发展理念中,共享理念最具伦理意蕴,实行共享理念的重要途径是实行分配正义,探析马克思分配正义思想的共享精神有助于我们科学把握、真切实践习近平总书记提出的共享理念和分配正义论。

The essence of justice is to realize the sharing of people’s interests through the exchange of equal benefits(harm).Marx emphasized that distribution according to contribution is the fundamental basis of distribution justice.Labor creates wealth.The implementation of distribution according to work ensures that the majority of the working people share wealth.The basis of distribution according to needs is that all the people have made equal contributions to the formation of society.The implementation of distribution according to needs ensures that all the people share some wealth.The degree of realization of distribution according to needs is determined by social development.Marx believed that the morality of individual kindness was highly subjective and charities should be presided over by social management institutions.Marx emphasized that public ownership of means of production is the fundamental basis for distribution according to contribution.In reality,the public ownership of means of production also plays a role in guiding the private economy and realizing people’s sharing of means of subsistence.In the new concept of development put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping,the concept of sharing is one with the most ethical implication.The important way to implement the concept of sharing is to implement distributive justice.Analyzing the sharing spirit of Marx’s thought of distributive justice helps us to scientifically grasp and truly practice the concept of sharing and theory of distributive justice put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping.