20世纪70年代以来美国银行业的外资准入及监管问题研究

Research On Foreign Capital Access And Supervision Of American Banking Industry Since 1970s

近两年,我国银行业深化改革和对外开放的步伐加快,这有利于提高银行业的竞争活力,但在当前纷繁复杂的国际政治经济形势下,银行业在对外开放进程中所可能引发的风险也不容忽视。美国作为世界头号经济强国,自20世纪70年代起在银行业的外资准入及监管方面取得明显成效,可概括为两个阶段,即1978—1994年的加强监管阶段和1995年至今的严格监管阶段。美国在此方面的经验说明,我们在金融业深化改革开放的进程中,既要不断推进对外开放来促进国民经济效率提升,也要不断完善外资的准入及监管体系,维护国家安全和实行"对等开放"原则,保障社会经济平稳有序运行。

In the past two years,the pace of deepening reform and opening up of China’s banking industry has been accelerated,which is conducive to improving the competitive vitality of the banking industry.However,in the current complex international political and economic situation,the risks that the banking industry may cause in the process of opening up cannot be ignored.As the world’s largest economic power,the United States has made remarkable achievements in foreign investment access and supervision of the banking industry since the 1970 s,which can be summarized into two stages:the stage of strengthening supervision from 1978 to 1994 and the stage of strict supervision from 1995 to now.The experience of the United States in this regard shows that in deepening reform and opening up of the financial sector,we should not only continue to promote opening-up to improve the efficiency of the national economy,but also constantly improve the access and supervision system for foreign investment,safeguard national security and implement the principle of"reciprocal opening-up",so as to ensure the smooth and orderly operation of the social economy.