马克思经济学的形式化:概要性尝试——以《资本论》第一卷为例

Formalization of Marx’s Economics:Outlining Attempt Taking Volume Ⅰ of Capital as an Example

马克思经济学能否运用数学使之形式化,即取得数理形式,一直是一个有分歧和争议的问题。通过对《资本论》及其手稿的文本研究可以发现,马克思对资本主义生产方式的研究包含着对数学方法的运用。马克思创造了一套关于资本主义社会生产的符号语言和体系,并用符号语言建构了与理论分析等价的经济模型。显然,数理方法是马克思经济学方法论的重要组成部分。运用数理方法研究和重述马克思经济学,使马克思经济学中蕴含的数理方法显性化,在一定意义上使马克思经济学形式化,是符合马克思经济学启发法的。但是,将马克思经济学形式化必须严格遵循马克思经济学原理,否则会导致严重问题。

Whether Marxist political economy,especially Marxist economics,can be formalized by mathematics,that is,to obtain mathematical form,has always been divided and controversial issue.From the text study of Capital and its manuscripts,it can be found that Marx’s research on the capitalist mode of production contains the application of mathematical methods.Marx created a set of symbolic language and system about capitalist social production,and used symbolic language to construct an equivalent economic model with theoretical analysis.Obviously,mathematical method is an integral of Mark’s economic methodology.The use of mathematical methods to study and restate Marxist economics makes the mathematical method contained in Marxist economics explicit and formalized Marxist economics in a certain sense,which is in line with the heuristic method of Marxist economics.However,the formalization of Marxist economics must strictly follow the principles of Marxist economics,otherwise it will lead to serious problems.