美国关税政策变迁的政治经济学——恩格斯第二阶段关税思想研究

Political Economy of the Change of the United States’ Traiff Policies——A Study of Engels’ Tariff Thought in the Second Stage

恩格斯在著述中多所论及关税及相关问题。针对《马克思恩格斯全集》共50卷以"关税"为关键词进行检索发现,他的论述存在两个相对密集的阶段。其中,第一阶段是1845—1853年,他主要从关税对欧洲诸国各个阶级的利益的影响等角度进行阐述;第二阶段是1879—1893年,他主要针对美国从关税政策与经济发展阶段的关系以及关税政策在国家竞争中的作用等角度进行阐述。在第二阶段,他站在世界历史高度,从竞争和演进入手,主要就美国关税政策的变迁和作用等展开全面和深刻的论述;在这个阶段,他一定程度上认同了李斯特的一些观点,但这与他在第一阶段所做的李斯特批判并不存在矛盾;他的关税思想的精髓,是以深邃的历史眼光和宏大的全球视野进行多层次考察。恩格斯针对美国内战结束之后关税政策的发展演变和作用机制等阐发的政治经济学思想,即使到了当下仍然具有重要现实意义。

Engels discussed tariffs and the related issues in his numerous writings in detail.Using"tariff"as a keyword,we search all the 50 volumes of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,and find out two important researching periods in which Engels studied intensively tariffs and the related issues.One is in 1845-1853,Engels mainly studied the impact of tariff policies on class interests in Europe nations,and the other is in 1879-1893,he mainly studied tariff policies in the United States and their impact on the competitiveness of nation and the opitmal tariff policies matched with the stage of economic development.The most important is that,standing on the height of world history and from the perspective of competition and evolution,Engels researched the impact of the change and function of the tariff policies on economic development of the United States which was rising to be a great power then.Till this stage,he had agreed with List’tariff thoughts to some extent,and this is not in conflict with List criticism advanced by Engels and Marx in the first stage.Engels’thought about tariff policies in the second stage has still its important and heuristic significances of political economy nowadays.