高性能武装直升机飞行员改装体检不合格的原因分析

Analysis of disqualifing medical conditions found in physical examination for pilots transitioning to high performance gunship

目的分析高性能武装直升机飞行员改装体检不合格的原因,为航空卫生保障提供参考依据。方法收集2011-2017年在我院参加高性能直升机改装的直升机飞行员体检资料,统计改装不合格的疾病谱构成,提出相应的预防措施和处理意见。结果 2016年、2017年高性能武装直升机飞行员改装不合格率分别为25%和20%。低体质量居改装不合格因素之首(16.22%),其次为地中海贫血(13.51%)、低身高或腿长不足(10.81%)、超重(8.11%)、房室传导阻滞(8.11%)、甲状腺功能异常(8.11%)。身体体质占改装不合格构成比最大(35.90%),其次为血液系统(12.82%)、骨关节系统(12.82%)、心血管系统(10.26%)、消化系统(10.26%)和内分泌系统(10.26%)疾病。25 ~ 30岁的直升机飞行员改装不合格率低于其他年龄组(P<0.05)。结论高性能武装直升机飞行员改装体检不合格的原因主要为低体质量等体质因素和地中海贫血等疾病,在优势年龄和有一定飞行经验的人员中选拔成功率较高。

Objective To analyze the causes of disqualified medical conditions found in physical examination for pilots transitioning to high performance gunship,and provide evidences for aviation health support.Methods The medical data of helicopter pilots who participated in the physical examination for transitioning to high performance gunship in our hospital from 2011 to 2017 were collected,and the disease spectrum of unqualified pilots was analyzed.Results In 2016 and 2017,the unqualified rate of pilots transitioning to high performance gunship was 25% and 20%,respectively.Low body weight ranked as the top unqualified factor (16.22%),followed by thalassemia (13.51%),short stature or legs (10.81%),overweight (8.11%),atrioventricular block (8.11%) and thyroid dysfunction (8.11%).Physical condition was the main facter influenced medical qualification (35.90%),followed by hematological diseases (12.82%),bone and joint diseases (12.82%),cardiovascular diseases (10.26%),digestive disease (10.26%) and endocrine (10.26%) system diseases.The unqualified rate of helicopter pilots in 25-30 year-old group was the lowest (P<0.05).Conclusion The main reasons for unqualification to pilots transitioning to high performance helicopter are low body weight and diseases such as thalassemia.The qualification may be higher among helicopter pilots at prime age and with flying experience.