来华留学教育对我国出口贸易的影响

Education of Foreign Students and Export Trade in China

到2017年,我国已经是亚洲最大留学目的地国家。随着公共财政投入不断增加,来华留学教育政策的社会经济影响也日益受到关注。基于国际经验和已有研究,本文试图从实证角度分析探讨来华留学教育对我国出口贸易发展的积极影响。利用1999-2017年间中国与178个国家的贸易面板数据,基于贸易引力方程和PPML(泊松拟最大似然估计)方法的分析,并通过工具变量方法进行稳健性检验,本文研究发现:来华留学教育对我国的出口贸易具有正向促进作用;分留学项目来看,相较于奖学金项目,自费项目留学生的促进作用更为明显;按不同国家收入水平来看,中低收入国家的来华留学生促进作用较强;按不同国家生源规模来看,主要生源国家的来华留学生群体表现出更明显的贸易促进作用。

Since 2017,China has been the largest destination country for studying abroad in Asia.With the consistent growth of public financial,the economic effects of the education policy of foreign students in China has become increasingly concerned.Based on international cases and previous research,this article attempts to argue that education of foreign students in China has positive impact on China’s export trade.Using the trade panel data between China and 178 countries from 1999 to 2017,based on the trade gravity equation,the PPML(Poisson Quasi-Maximum Likelihood)method,and the robustness test with the instrumental variables method,we found that:Education of foreign students in China has promoted China’s export trade;compared with scholarship programs,the foreign students of self-funded programs have a stronger promotion effect;concerned the income levels of different countries,the foreign students from low and lower middle income countries have a stronger promotion effect;concerned the proportion of foreign students from different countries in China,those foreign students from main source countries have shown a more positive effect.