多元招生录取背景下的公平性研究:家庭背景如何影响学生进入重点大学?

How Do Family Backgrounds Influence on Students’ College Admission Method:An Equity Study in the Context of Multiple Admission Reform

本文利用某重点大学三届本科生的抽样调查数据分析了家庭背景对学生被重点大学录取方式的影响。回归结果显示,家庭背景更好的学生通过自主招生、保送和特长招生被录取的可能性更大;在自主招生内部,综合评价类和学科特长类自主招生能够增加那些高考成绩较低但是家庭背景处于优势地位的学生的录取机会;农村专项类自主招生虽然为农村考生提供了额外的录取渠道,但该类学生在各类特征上均与统招农村生无异。若以高考统招作为评价公平的标准,多元招生录取制度体现出不同的公平取向,但整体的公平性未必得到了改进。

Based on survey data of three freshmen cohorts at an elite university in China,this paper analyzes the influence of students’family background on their college admission by setting up multiple econometric regression models.The main results show that students with better family background are more likely to be admitted by Independent Admission,Recommendation Admission and Specialty Admission,compared with traditional Gaokao;students with better family background and lower Gaokao scores are more likely to be admitted by Independent Admission for students with special talents and comprehensive ability respectively;there is no much difference in family background and Gaokao scores between rural student admitted by Gaokao and by Independent Admission for rural students.These findings indicate that multiple admission reform at the elite university does not improve overall equity in admission.